在す

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
在
ま Grade: 5
kun'yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 在す – see the following entry.

【ます】

[suffix] expresses politeness toward and distance from the listener: vaguely similar to the social context indicated by the usted verb conjugation in Spanish, the vous conjugation in French, or the Sie conjugation in German

[suffix] (rare, humble) to do; expresses humbleness

Alternative spellings
坐す, 〼

(This term, 在す, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Usage notes

This term is often spelled in kana, as ます.

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
在
いま Grade: 5
kun'yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 在す – see the following entry.

【います】

[verb] (Classical Japanese, honorific) to come

[verb] (Classical Japanese, honorific) to go

[verb] (Classical Japanese, honorific) to be

Alternative spelling
座す

(This term, 在す, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

References

“^△在す”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2025

Old Japanese

Verb

在す (masu) (kana ます)

alternative form of 坐す (masu)

Conjugation

Classical conjugation of "在す" (サ行四段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形)	在さ	まさ	masa
Continuative (連用形)	在し	まし	masi
Terminal (終止形)	在す	ます	masu
Attributive (連体形)	在す	ます	masu
Realis (已然形)	在せ	ませ	mase
Imperative (命令形)	在せ	ませ	mase
Key constructions
Negative	在さず	まさず	masazu
Contrasting conjunction	在せど	ませど	masedo
Causal conjunction	在せば	ませば	maseba
Conditional conjunction	在さば	まさば	masaba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge)	在しき	ましき	masiki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge)	在しけり	ましけり	masikeri
Perfect tense (conscious action)	在しつ	ましつ	masitu
Perfect tense (natural event)	在しぬ	ましぬ	masinu
Perfect-continuative tense	在せり在したり	ませりましたり	maseri masitari
Volitional	在さむ	まさむ	masamu