啼飢號寒

Chinese

	mourn; to cry; hoof	hungry	number; call; name number; call; name; roar; cry	cold; poor; to tremble
trad. (啼飢號寒)	啼	飢	號	寒
simp. (啼饥号寒)	啼	饥	号	寒
anagram	號寒啼飢／号寒啼饥

Etymology

From Han Yu's An Explication of “Progress in Learning”:

冬煖而兒號寒，年豐而妻啼飢。頭童齒豁，竟死何裨！不知慮此，而反教人為？ [Literary Chinese, trad.]

冬暖而儿号寒，年丰而妻啼饥。头童齿豁，竟死何裨！不知虑此，而反教人为？ [Literary Chinese, simp.]

From: c. 813, 韓愈,《進學解》

Dōng nuǎn ér ér háo hán, nián fēng ér qī tí jī. Tóu tóng chǐ huò, jìng sǐ hé bì! Bùzhī lǜ cǐ, ér fǎn jiāo rén wéi? [Pinyin]

The winter is warm yet your son cries of cold; the harvest is plentiful yet your wife weeps of hunger. Your hair has gone and your teeth are cracked; should you die, what good would all (your work) be? Not knowing to worry about this instead, you teach others how to act (appropriately)?

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): tíjīháohán

(Zhuyin): ㄊㄧˊ ㄐㄧㄏㄠˊ ㄏㄢˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): tai⁴ gei¹ hou⁴ hon⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: tíjīháohán
  - Zhuyin: ㄊㄧˊ ㄐㄧㄏㄠˊ ㄏㄢˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: tíjiháohán
  - Wade–Giles: tʻi²-chi¹-hao²-han²
  - Yale: tí-jī-háu-hán
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tyijihaurharn
  - Palladius: тицзихаохань (ticzixaoxanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰi³⁵ t͡ɕi⁵⁵ xɑʊ̯³⁵ xän³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: tai⁴ gei¹ hou⁴ hon⁴
  - Yale: tàih gēi hòuh hòhn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tai⁴ gei¹ hou⁴ hon⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: tei⁴ géi¹ hou⁴ hon⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰɐi̯²¹ kei̯⁵⁵ hou̯²¹ hɔːn²¹/

Idiom

啼飢號寒

to cry out in hunger and cold; to be poverty-stricken
- 在物質上，掠奪普通人民的衣食，使廣大人民啼飢號寒；掠奪生產工具，使中國民族工業歸於毀滅和奴役化。 [MSC, trad.]
  在物质上，掠夺普通人民的衣食，使广大人民啼饥号寒；掠夺生产工具，使中国民族工业归于毁灭和奴役化。 [MSC, simp.]
  From: 1938, 毛澤東 (Mao Zedong), 《論持久戰》 (On Protracted War), 《毛澤東選集》. English translation based on the Foreign Languages Press edition
  Zài wùzhì shàng, lüèduó pǔtōng rénmín de yīshí, shǐ guǎngdà rénmín tíjīháohán; lüèduó shēngchǎn gōngjù, shǐ Zhōngguó mínzú gōngyè guīyú huǐmiè hé núyìhuà. [Pinyin]
  Materially, [the enemy] is robbing the common people even of their food and clothing, making them cry out in hunger and cold; he is plundering the means of production, thus ruining and enslaving China's national industries.