原因
Chinese
former; original; primary former; original; primary; raw; level; cause; source |
cause; reason; because | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| simp. and trad. (原因) |
原 | 因 | |
| alternative forms | 言因 Anxi Hokkien | ||
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- Hakka
- Eastern Min (BUC): nguòng-ĭng
- Southern Min
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
- Hanyu Pinyin: yuányīn
- Zhuyin: ㄩㄢˊ ㄧㄣ
- Tongyong Pinyin: yuányin
- Wade–Giles: yüan2-yin1
- Yale: ywán-yīn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yuanin
- Palladius: юаньинь (juanʹinʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɥɛn³⁵ in⁵⁵/
- Homophones:
元音
原因
- (Standard Chinese)
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: jyun4 jan1
- Yale: yùhn yān
- Cantonese Pinyin: jyn4 jan1
- Guangdong Romanization: yun4 yen1
- Sinological IPA (key): /jyːn²¹ jɐn⁵⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: ngun3 yin1
- Sinological IPA (key): /ᵑɡun²² jin³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngièn-yîn
- Hakka Romanization System: ngienˇ inˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: ngian2 yin1
- Sinological IPA: /ŋi̯en¹¹ in²⁴/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngiàn-yîn
- Hakka Romanization System: ngianˇ (r)inˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: ngian2 yin1
- Sinological IPA: /ŋi̯an¹¹ (j)in²⁴/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: ngien rhinˋ
- Sinological IPA: /ŋien⁵⁵ ʒin⁵³/
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Eastern Min
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Philippines)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: goân-in
- Tâi-lô: guân-in
- Phofsit Daibuun: goan'yn
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡuan¹³⁻²² in⁴⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɡuan²³⁻³³ in⁴⁴/
- IPA (Quanzhou, Philippines): /ɡuan²⁴⁻²² in³³/
- IPA (Taipei): /ɡuan²⁴⁻¹¹ in⁴⁴/
- IPA (Xiamen): /ɡuan²⁴⁻²² in⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Anxi)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: giân-in
- Tâi-lô: giân-in
- Phofsit Daibuun: gien'yn
- IPA (Anxi): /ɡiɛn²⁴⁻³³ in⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: nguang5 ing1 / nguang5 êng1
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: nguâng ing / nguâng eng
- Sinological IPA (key): /ŋuaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ iŋ³³/, /ŋuaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ eŋ³³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Philippines)
Note: nguang5 êng1 - Jieyang.
Noun
原因
- (countable) cause; reason (for something happening) (Classifier: 個/个 m)
Synonyms
- 來由 / 来由 (láiyóu)
- 因由 (yīnyóu)
- 因端 (Hokkien)
- 因致端 (Hokkien)
- 基因 (jīyīn) (dated)
- 張本 / 张本 (zhāngběn) (literary)
- 成因 (chéngyīn)
- 所以然 (suǒyǐrán)
- 根由 (gēnyóu)
- 理由 (lǐyóu)
- 緣故 / 缘故 (yuángù)
- 緣由 / 缘由 (yuányóu)
- 緣起 / 缘起 (yuánqǐ)
- 肇因 (zhàoyīn)
- 苗頭 / 苗头 (Suzhounese)
- 言因 (Anxi Hokkien)
- 說道 / 说道 (shuōdao) (colloquial)
- 起因 (qǐyīn)
- 道理 (dàolǐ)
- 關係 / 关系
Antonyms
Descendants
Japanese
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 原 | 因 |
| げん Grade: 2 |
いん Grade: 5 |
| on'yomi | |
Pronunciation
Noun
原因 • (gen'in)
- cause (source or reason of an event or action)
See also
Verb
原因する • (gen'in suru) intransitive suru (stem 原因し (gen'in shi), past 原因した (gen'in shita))
- arise from
Conjugation
Conjugation of "原因する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 原因し | げんいんし | gen'in shi | |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 原因し | げんいんし | gen'in shi | |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 原因する | げんいんする | gen'in suru | |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 原因する | げんいんする | gen'in suru | |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 原因すれ | げんいんすれ | gen'in sure | |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 原因せよ¹ 原因しろ² |
げんいんせよ¹ げんいんしろ² |
gen'in seyo¹ gen'in shiro² | |
| Key constructions | ||||
| Passive | 原因される | げんいんされる | gen'in sareru | |
| Causative | 原因させる 原因さす |
げんいんさせる げんいんさす |
gen'in saseru gen'in sasu | |
| Potential | 原因できる | げんいんできる | gen'in dekiru | |
| Volitional | 原因しよう | げんいんしよう | gen'in shiyō | |
| Negative | 原因しない | げんいんしない | gen'in shinai | |
| Negative continuative | 原因せず | げんいんせず | gen'in sezu | |
| Formal | 原因します | げんいんします | gen'in shimasu | |
| Perfective | 原因した | げんいんした | gen'in shita | |
| Conjunctive | 原因して | げんいんして | gen'in shite | |
| Hypothetical conditional | 原因すれば | げんいんすれば | gen'in sureba | |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative | ||||
References
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
- “原因”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia][1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2025
Korean
| Hanja in this term | |
|---|---|
| 原 | 因 |
Noun
原因 • (wonin) (hangeul 원인)
Vietnamese
| chữ Hán Nôm in this term | |
|---|---|
| 原 | 因 |
Noun
原因
- chữ Hán form of nguyên nhân (“cause; reason”)