南京

Chinese

		south southern	capital
simp. and trad. (南京)		南	京

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): Nánjīng

(Zhuyin): ㄋㄢˊ ㄐㄧㄥ

(Nanjing, Nanjing Pinyin): Lánjìn
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): naam⁴ ging¹

(Taishan, Wiktionary): nam³ gen¹
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): Nàm-kîn

(Meixian, Guangdong): nam² gin¹
Eastern Min (BUC): Nàng-gĭng
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): nang² ging¹
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): Lâm-kiaⁿ

(Teochew, Peng'im): lam⁵ gian¹
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶noe-cin

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: Nánjīng
  - Zhuyin: ㄋㄢˊ ㄐㄧㄥ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: Nánjing
  - Wade–Giles: Nan²-ching¹
  - Yale: Nán-jīng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Nanjing
  - Palladius: Наньцзин (Nanʹczin)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /nän³⁵ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/
- (Nanjing)
  - Nanjing Pinyin: Lánjìn
  - Nanjing Pinyin (numbered): lan² jin¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lã²⁴ t͡ɕĩ³¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: naam⁴ ging¹
  - Yale: nàahm gīng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: naam⁴ ging¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: nam⁴ ging¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /naːm²¹ kɪŋ⁵⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: nam³ gen¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ⁿdam²² ken³³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Nàm-kîn
  - Hakka Romanization System: nam^ˇ gin^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: nam² gin¹
  - Sinological IPA: /nam¹¹ kin²⁴/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: nam² gin¹
  - Sinological IPA: /nam¹¹ kin⁴⁴/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: Nàng-gĭng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /nˡaŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ^(k-)ŋiŋ⁵⁵/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: nang² ging¹ [Phonetic: nang⁵ nging¹]
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: náng-ging
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /naŋ¹³⁻¹¹ ^(k-)ŋiŋ⁵³³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: nang² ging¹ [Phonetic: nang⁵ nging¹]
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /naŋ²⁴⁻²¹ ^(k-)ŋiŋ⁵⁴⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Lâm-kiaⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: Lâm-kiann
  - Phofsit Daibuun: lamkviaf
  - IPA (Xiamen): /lam²⁴⁻²² kiã⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /lam²⁴⁻²² kiã³³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /lam¹³⁻²² kiã⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /lam²⁴⁻¹¹ kiã⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /lam²³⁻³³ kiã⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: lam⁵ gian¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: lâm kiaⁿ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lam⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kĩã³³/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁶noe-cin
  - MiniDict: noe^去 cin
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³noe-jin
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /nø²² t͡ɕin⁴⁴/

Middle Chinese: nom kjaeng

Rime
Character	南	京
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	泥 (8)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	覃 (159)	庚 (111)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	III
Fanqie	那含切	舉卿切
Baxter	nom	kjaeng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/nʌm/	/kˠiæŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/nəm/	/kᵚiaŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/nɒm/	/kiaŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/nəm/	/kiajŋ/
Li Rong	/nᴀm/	/kiɐŋ/
Wang Li	/nɒm/	/kĭɐŋ/
Bernhard Karlgren	/năm/	/ki̯ɐŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	nán	jīng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	naam⁴	ging¹

Proper noun

南京

(～市) Nanjing (a subprovincial city, the provincial capital of Jiangsu, China)
(historical) Nanjing (a former city in southwestern Xicheng district, Beijing, China, a capital of the Liao Dynasty)

Synonyms

(historic or archaic) 金陵 (Jīnlíng), 秣陵 (Mòlíng), 應天／应天 (Yìngtiān), 越城 (Yuèchéng), 建業／建业 (Jiànyè), 建康 (Jiànkāng), 江寧／江宁 (Jiāngníng), 天京 (Tiānjīng), 寧／宁 (Níng), 京 (Jīng)

Derived terms

南京大屠殺 / 南京大屠杀 (Nánjīng Dàtúshā)
南京條約 / 南京条约
南京話 / 南京话 (Nánjīnghuà)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (南京):

→ Japanese: 南京(なんきん) (Nankin)
→ Korean: 남경(南京) (Namgyeong)
→ Vietnamese: Nam Kinh (南京)

Others:

→ Georgian: ნანძინგი (nanʒingi), ნანკინი (nanḳini)

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
南	京
なん Grade: 2	きん Grade: 2
tōon

From the Nanking court dialect Mandarin 南京 (Nánjīng), from before the modern palatalization of /k/ to /tɕ/.^[1]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [nã̠ŋʲkʲĩɴ]
Audio: (file)

Proper noun

南(なん)京(きん) or 南京(ナンキン) • (Nankin)

Nanjing (a major city, the provincial capital of Jiangsu, China)
Synonym: 金陵 (Kinryō)

Derived terms

Noun

南(なん)京(きん) • (nankin)

pumpkin, squash

Synonyms

(pumpkin, squash): 南瓜(かぼちゃ) (kabocha), 唐茄子(とうなす) (tōnasu)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
南	京
なん Grade: 2	きょう Grade: 2
goon

Compound of 南(なん) (nan, “south”) + 京(きょう) (kyō, “capital city”).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) なんきょー [nàńkyóó] (Heiban – [0])^[2]
IPA^(key): [nã̠ŋʲkʲo̞ː]

Noun

南(なん)京(きょう) • (nankyō) ^{←なんきやう (nankyau)^?}

a southern capital (formerly used to refer to the city of Nara)

References

^ Kaske, Elisabeth (2008), The Politics of Language in Chinese Education, 1895–1919‎^[1], Leiden: Koninklijke Brill NV, →ISBN, page 52
^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

“南^△京”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[2] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2025

Korean

Hanja in this term
南	京

Proper noun

南京 • (Namgyeong) (hangeul 남경)

hanja form^? of 남경 (“alternative name of Nanjing”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
南	京

Proper noun

南京

chữ Hán form of Nam Kinh (“Nanjing”)

[1] Kaske, Elisabeth (2008), The Politics of Language in Chinese Education, 1895–1919‎^[1], Leiden: Koninklijke Brill NV, →ISBN, page 52

[DJR-2] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[1]

[2]

Chinese

Pronunciation

Proper noun

Synonyms

Derived terms

Descendants

Japanese

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Proper noun

Derived terms

See also

Noun

Synonyms

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Noun

References

Korean

Proper noun

Vietnamese

Proper noun