乾飯

Chinese

		arid; dry	cooked rice
trad. (乾飯)		乾	飯
simp. (干饭^*)		干	饭

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): gānfàn

(Zhuyin): ㄍㄢㄈㄢˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gon¹ faan⁶
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹koe-ve

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: gānfàn
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄢㄈㄢˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: ganfàn
  - Wade–Giles: kan¹-fan⁴
  - Yale: gān-fàn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ganfann
  - Palladius: ганьфань (ganʹfanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kän⁵⁵ fän⁵¹/
  - Homophones:
    ^edit
    ^edit
    乾飯 / 干饭
    干犯
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: gon¹ faan⁶
  - Yale: gōn faahn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gon¹ faan⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: gon¹ fan⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɔːn⁵⁵ faːn²²/
  - Homophones:
    ^edit
    ^edit
    乾飯 / 干饭
    干犯
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ¹koe-ve
  - MiniDict: koe^平 ve
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹koe-ve
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /kø⁵⁵ ve²¹/

Middle Chinese: kan bjonH

Rime
Character	乾	飯
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	並 (3)
Final (韻)	寒 (61)	元 (66)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	I	III
Fanqie	古寒切	符万切
Baxter	kan	bjonH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kɑn/	/bʉɐn^H/
Pan Wuyun	/kɑn/	/bʷiɐn^H/
Shao Rongfen	/kɑn/	/biuɐn^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kan/	/buan^H/
Li Rong	/kɑn/	/biuɐn^H/
Wang Li	/kɑn/	/bĭwɐn^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kɑn/	/bʱi̯wɐn^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	gān	fàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gon¹	faan⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]ˤar bo[n]ʔ-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*kaːn bons/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	乾	飯
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	gān	fàn
Middle Chinese	‹ kan ›	‹ bjon^H ›
Old Chinese	/*[k]ˁar/	/*bo[n]ʔ-s/
English	dry	cooked rice or millet
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	乾	飯
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	3698	2977
Phonetic component	倝	反
Rime group	元	元
Rime subdivision	1	3
Corresponding MC rime	干	飯
Old Chinese	/*kaːn/	/*bons/

Noun

乾飯

cooked rice (dry, without rice water)
Antonym: 稀飯 / 稀饭 (xīfàn)
- 既還，婢擎金澡盤盛水，瑠璃盌盛澡豆，因倒箸水中而飲之，謂是乾飯。 [Literary Chinese, trad.]
  既还，婢擎金澡盘盛水，琉璃碗盛澡豆，因倒箸水中而饮之，谓是干饭。 [Literary Chinese, simp.]
  From: Liu Yiqing (editor), A New Account of the Tales of the World, 5^th century CE
  Jì huán, bì qíng jīn zǎopán chéng shuǐ, liúlí wǎn chéng zǎodòu, yīn dǎo zhuó shuǐzhōng ér yǐn zhī, wèi shì qiánfàn. [Pinyin]
  When he came back the slave-girls held out a golden washbasin filled with water and a glazed bowl filled with bath beans. Supposing them to be cooked rice, Wang Dun proceeded to empty them into the water and drink them down.

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 米飯 (“cooked rice”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		飯
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		米飯, 飯
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	米飯, 飯
	Taiwan	飯, 米飯
	Ulanhot	米飯
	Tongliao	米飯
	Chifeng	米飯, 乾飯
	Hulunbuir (Hailar)	米飯
	Harbin	米飯, 乾飯, 飯
	Malaysia	飯
	Singapore	飯
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	乾飯, 大米乾飯, 米飯
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Yantai (Muping)	飯, 乾飯, 米飯, 大米乾飯
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Qingdao	乾飯
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	大米飯, 大米乾飯, 米飯
	Wanrong	大米飯, 米飯
	Zhengzhou	米飯
	Xi'an	米飯, 飯
	Xining	大米飯
	Xuzhou	米飯, 大米乾飯, 乾飯
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	乾飯, 稻米乾飯
	Bayanhot	乾飯
	Lanzhou	大米飯, 米飯
	Ürümqi	乾飯, 米飯
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	乾飯, 飯, 𩛲𩛲 childish
	Wuhan	乾飯, 飯
	Guiyang	飯
	Guilin	飯, 米飯
	Liuzhou	飯, 米飯
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	飯, 米飯, 乾飯
	Yangzhou	飯
	Nantong	米飯
	Hefei	乾飯, 飯
	Huanggang	飯
Cantonese	Guangzhou	飯
	Hong Kong	飯
	Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou)	飯
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou)	飯
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	飯
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	飯
	Macau	飯, 阿囡薯
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	飯
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	飯
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	飯
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	飯
	Foshan	飯
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	飯
	Foshan (Shunde)	飯
	Foshan (Sanshui)	飯
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	飯
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	飯
	Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou)	飯
	Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka)	飯
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	飯
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	飯
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	飯
	Taishan	飯
	Kaiping (Chikan)	飯
	Enping (Niujiang)	飯
	Heshan (Yayao)	飯
	Dongguan	飯
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	飯
	Shaoguan	飯
	Yunfu	飯
	Yangjiang	飯
	Xinyi	飯
	Lianjiang	飯
	Nanning	飯
	Wuzhou	飯
	Yulin	飯
	Hepu (Lianzhou)	飯
	Beihai	飯
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô)	飯
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà)	飯
	Fangchenggang (Fangcheng)	飯
	Danzhou	飯
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	飯
	Penang (Guangfu)	飯
	Singapore (Guangfu)	飯
	Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)	飯
	Móng Cái	飯
Gan	Nanchang	飯
	Lichuan	飯
	Pingxiang	飯
Hakka	Meixian	飯
	Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua)	飯
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	飯
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	飯
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	飯
	Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua)	飯
	Yudu	飯
	Shicheng	飯
	Shangyou (Shexi)	飯
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	飯
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	飯
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	飯
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	飯
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	飯
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	飯
	Hong Kong	飯
	Luchuan (Daqiao)	大米飯
	Senai (Huiyang)	飯
	Kuching (Hepo)	飯
	Singkawang	飯
Huizhou	Jixi	飯
	Shexian	飯
	Huangshan (Tunxi)	飯
	Xiuning	飯
	Yixian	飯
	Qimen	飯
	Wuyuan	飯
Jin	Taiyuan	大米飯, 米飯
	Pingyao	大米飯, 米飯
	Xinzhou	米飯
	Taibus (Baochang)	米飯
	Linhe	米飯
	Jining	白米飯
	Hohhot	米飯
	Baotou	白米飯
	Dongsheng	米飯
	Haibowan	燜飯
Northern Min	Jian'ou	飯
	Jian'ou (Dikou)	飯
	Zhenghe (Zhenqian)	白飯
	Pucheng (Shibei)	早米飯
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	飯
Eastern Min	Fuqing	飯
Southern Min	Xiamen	飯
	Xiamen (Tong'an)	飯
	Quanzhou	飯
	Zhangzhou	飯
	Taipei	飯
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	飯
	Kaohsiung	飯
	Yilan	飯
	Changhua (Lukang)	飯, 糜
	Taichung	飯
	Tainan	飯
	Hsinchu	飯
	Kinmen	飯
	Penghu (Magong)	飯
	Penang (Hokkien)	飯
	Singapore (Hokkien)	飯
	Manila (Hokkien)	飯
	Zhangping (Yongfu)	飯
	Datian	飯
	Pingnan (Shangdu)	飯
	Chaozhou	飯
	Shantou	飯
	Bangkok (Teochew)	飯
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	飯
	Singapore (Teochew)	飯
	Leizhou	飯
	Wenchang	飯, 糜
	Haikou	飯, 糜
	Qionghai	飯, 糜
	Singapore (Hainanese)	飯
Puxian Min	Putian	暝
	Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang)	暝
	Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang)	飯
	Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu)	米暝
	Xianyou	暝
	Xianyou (Fengting)	暝
	Xianyou (Youyang)	暝
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan (Sanxiang)	飯
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	飯, 米飯, 大米飯
Northern Pinghua	Guilin (Dahe)	米飯
Shehua	Fuding	焦飯
	Luoyuan	飯
	Sanming	飯
	Shunchang	飯
	Guixi (Zhangping)	飯
	Cangnan	飯
	Jingning (Hexi)	飯
	Lishui	飯
	Longyou	飯
	Chaozhou	焦飯
	Fengshun	飯
Wu	Shanghai	飯, 白米飯
	Shanghai (Chongming)	米飯, 飯
	Suzhou	飯
	Wuxi	飯
	Danyang	飯
	Hangzhou	飯
	Shaoxing	飯
	Ningbo	飯
	Wenzhou	飯, 白米飯, 米飯, 燥飯
	Jinhua	飯
Xiang	Changsha	飯
	Loudi	飯
	Shuangfeng	飯
	Hengyang	乾飯
	Quanzhou	飯

Derived terms

不知吃幾碗乾飯 / 不知吃几碗干饭
吃乾飯 / 吃干饭 (chī gānfàn)
吃幾碗乾飯 / 吃几碗干饭

Descendants

→ Uyghur: گاڭپەن (gangpen)

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
乾	飯
ほ(し) Grade: S	いい > い Grade: 4
kun'yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 乾飯 – see the following entry.

【ほしい】

[noun] [from 720] dried rice (after already being cooked once)

Alternative spellings
乾し飯, 干し飯, 糒

(This term, 乾飯, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
乾	飯
Grade: S	Grade: 4
irregular

For pronunciation and definitions of 乾飯 – see the following entry.

【かれいい】

[noun] rice that has been cooked and then dried

Alternative spelling
餉

(This term, 乾飯, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

References

“〈乾飯〉”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2025