лая
Bulgarian
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *làjati (“to bark”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈɫajɐ]
Audio (Standard Bulgarian, l-vocalization): (file) - Rhymes: -ajɐ
- Syllabification(key): ла‧я
- Hyphenation(key): лая
Verb
ла́я • (lája) first-singular present indicative, impf
- (intransitive) to bark
- Кучето лае ожесточено по непознатия. ― Kučeto lae ožestočeno po nepoznatija. ― The dog is barking furiously at the stranger.
Conjugation
Conjugation of ла́я (conjugation 1.6, imperfective, intransitive)
| participles | present active participle | past active aorist participle | past active imperfect participle | past passive participle | verbal noun | adverbial participle | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | indefinite | ла́ещ láešt |
ла́ял, лая́л1 lájal, lajál1 |
ла́ел láel |
— | ла́ейки láejki | |
| definite subject form | ла́ещият láeštijat |
ла́ялият, лая́лият1 lájalijat, lajálijat1 |
— | — | |||
| definite object form | ла́ещия láeštija |
ла́ялия, лая́лия1 lájalija, lajálija1 |
— | — | |||
| feminine | indefinite | ла́еща láešta |
ла́яла, лая́ла1 lájala, lajála1 |
ла́ела láela |
— | ||
| definite | ла́ещата láeštata |
ла́ялата, лая́лата1 lájalata, lajálata1 |
— | — | |||
| neuter | indefinite | ла́ещо láešto |
ла́яло, лая́ло1 lájalo, lajálo1 |
ла́ело láelo |
— | ла́ене láene | |
| definite | ла́ещото láeštoto |
ла́ялото, лая́лото1 lájaloto, lajáloto1 |
— | — | ла́енето láeneto | ||
| plural | indefinite | ла́ещи láešti |
ла́яли, лая́ли1 lájali, lajáli1 |
ла́ели láeli |
— | ла́ения, ла́енета láenija, láeneta | |
| definite | ла́ещите láeštite |
ла́ялите, лая́лите1 lájalite, lajálite1 |
— | — | ла́енията, ла́енетата láenijata, láenetata | ||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present | ла́я lája |
ла́еш láeš |
ла́е láe |
ла́ем láem |
ла́ете láete |
ла́ят lájat | |
| imperfect | ла́ех láeh |
ла́еше láeše |
ла́еше láeše |
ла́ехме láehme |
ла́ехте láehte |
ла́еха láeha | |
| aorist | ла́ях, лая́х1 lájah, lajáh1 |
ла́я, лая́1 lája, lajá1 |
ла́я, лая́1 lája, lajá1 |
ла́яхме, лая́хме1 lájahme, lajáhme1 |
ла́яхте, лая́хте1 lájahte, lajáhte1 |
ла́яха, лая́ха1 lájaha, lajáha1 | |
| future | pos. | Use ще followed by the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́ма да followed by the present indicative tense | ||||||
| future in the past | pos. | Use the imperfect indicative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́маше да followed by the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present perfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм and ла́ял/лая́л1 m, ла́яла/лая́ла1 f, ла́яло/лая́ло1 n, or ла́яли/лая́ли1 pl | ||||||
| past perfect | Use the imperfect indicative tense of съм and ла́ял/лая́л1 m, ла́яла/лая́ла1 f, ла́яло/лая́ло1 n, or ла́яли/лая́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future perfect | Use the future indicative tense of съм and ла́ял/лая́л1 m, ла́яла/лая́ла1 f, ла́яло/лая́ло1 n, or ла́яли/лая́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future perfect in the past | Use the future in the past indicative tense of съм and ла́ял/лая́л1 m, ла́яла/лая́ла1 f, ла́яло/лая́ло1 n, or ла́яли/лая́ли1 pl | ||||||
| renarrative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and ла́ел m, ла́ела f, ла́ело n, or ла́ели pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and ла́ял/лая́л1 m, ла́яла/лая́ла1 f, ла́яло/лая́ло1 n, or ла́яли/лая́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and ла́ял/лая́л1 m, ла́яла/лая́ла1 f, ла́яло/лая́ло1 n, or ла́яли/лая́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past renarrative tense of съм and ла́ял/лая́л1 m, ла́яла/лая́ла1 f, ла́яло/лая́ло1 n, or ла́яли/лая́ли1 pl | ||||||
| dubitative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and ла́ел m, ла́ела f, ла́ело n, or ла́ели pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the aorist renarrative tense of съм and ла́ял/лая́л1 m, ла́яла/лая́ла1 f, ла́яло/лая́ло1 n, or ла́яли/лая́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect dubitative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало било́ да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | none
| ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past dubitative tense of съм and ла́ял/лая́л1 m, ла́яла/лая́ла1 f, ла́яло/лая́ло1 n, or ла́яли/лая́ли1 pl | ||||||
| conclusive | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм and ла́ел m, ла́ела f, ла́ело n, or ла́ели pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the present indicative tense of съм and ла́ял/лая́л1 m, ла́яла/лая́ла1 f, ла́яло/лая́ло1 n, or ла́яли/лая́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало е да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of съм and ла́ял/лая́л1 m, ла́яла/лая́ла1 f, ла́яло/лая́ло1 n, or ла́яли/лая́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past conclusive tense of съм and ла́ял/лая́л1 m, ла́яла/лая́ла1 f, ла́яло/лая́ло1 n, or ла́яли/лая́ли1 pl | ||||||
| conditional | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| Use the first aorist indicative tense of бъ́да and ла́ял/лая́л1 m, ла́яла/лая́ла1 f, ла́яло/лая́ло1 n, or ла́яли/лая́ли1 pl | |||||||
| imperative | - | ти | - | - | вие | - | |
| лай laj |
ла́йте lájte |
||||||
1Dialectally marked.
References
- “лая”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
- “лая”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010
Russian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈɫajə]
Etymology 1
Noun
ла́я • (lája) m inan
- genitive singular of лай (laj)
Etymology 2
Participle
ла́я • (lája)
- present adverbial imperfective participle of ла́ять (lájatʹ)