ждать

Russian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *žьdati (to wait, to await), from Proto-Balto-Slavic *g(e)id-, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰeydʰ-. Compare Old High German gīt (avarice) and Old Prussian gēide (they are waiting).[1]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [ʐdatʲ]
  • Audio:(file)
  • Audio:(file)

Verb

ждать • (ždatʹimpf (perfective подожда́ть)

  1. (transitive) to wait for (to stay where one is or delay action) [with genitive; or with accusative]
    Synonym: ожида́ть (ožidátʹ)
    ждать матьždatʹ matʹto wait for one's mother
    ждать по́ездаždatʹ pójezdato wait for a train
    ждать по́ездždatʹ pójezdto wait for the train
    ждать свое́й о́чередиždatʹ svojéj óčeredito wait [for] one's turn
  2. (intransitive) to wait (to stay where one is or delay action)
  3. (transitive) to wait for (to eagerly expect something) [with genitive]
    Synonym: ожида́ть (ožidátʹ)
    Она́ ждёт конца́ войны́.
    Oná ždjot koncá vojný.
    She's waiting for the war to end.
  4. (transitive, intransitive) to expect, to wait (to believe that something will happen or count on something happening) [with genitive]
    Synonym: ожида́ть (ožidátʹ)
    ждать, что всё ула́дитсяždatʹ, što vsjo uláditsjaexpect things to work out
    Я жду от него́ извине́ний.
    Ja ždu ot nevó izvinénij.
    I expect him to apologize.
    Не жди, я не позвоню́!
    Ne ždi, ja ne pozvonjú!
    Don't wait, I won't call!
  5. (figurative, transitive, in third person only) to await (to be in store for, to be ready for) [with accusative]
    Synonym: ожида́ть (ožidátʹ)
    Их ждёт ги́бель.
    Ix ždjot gíbelʹ.
    Their doom awaits them.
    (literally, “Death awaits them.”)

Usage notes

The verb ждать can be used with genitive or accusative. For animate and definite inanimate objects, accusative is used; for abstract and indefinite inanimate objects, genitive is used.

Conjugation

Derived terms

verbs
Phrases
  • ждать у мо́ря пого́ды impf (ždatʹ u mórja pogódy)

References

  1. ^ Tsyhanenko, H. P. (1989), “ждать”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 2nd edition, Kyiv: Radjanska shkola, →ISBN, page 127
  • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “ждать”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress

Further reading