Page:The Esperanto Teacher.pdf/47

When we tell of someone doing a certain action we often want to allude to some circumstance concerning that action, such as the time, or place, or manner in which it was done, that is, when, or where, or how it was done.

In the sentences — Yesterday I met your son, Hieraŭ mi renkontis vian filon; He will go in the evening, Li iros vespere; They sat there, Ili sidis tie; She will remain at home; Ŝi restos hejme; Good children learn diligently, Bonaj infanoj lernas diligente; I will do it with pleasure, Mi faros ĝin plezure, the words hieraŭ, vespere, show the time, tie, hejme, show the place, and diligente, plezure, show the manner of the action.

(Because these words relate to the verb they are called Adverbs.)

Adverbs may be formed from any word whose sense admits of it, and especially from adjectives, by means of the termination e, as boņa, good, bone, well; antaŭ, before, antaŭe, previously or formerly; mateno, morning, matene, in the morning; sekvi, to follow, sekve, consequently.

When we want the adverb to show “direction towards” any place, time, etc., either actually or figuratively, n is added, as Li alkuris hejmen, He ran home. Ili levis unu manon supren, They raised one hand upwards. Antaŭen! Forward! (n is also added to nouns to show direction towards. Li eniris en la domon, He entered into the house).

Some adverbs are used with adjectives and other adverbs to show the degree of the quality, quantity, etc., as The paper is very white, La papero estas tre blanka. Too much speaking tires him, La tro multa parolado lacigas lin. I am as strong as you, Mi estas tiel forta, kiel vi (estas forta). He came very early, Li venis tre frue.