Page:The Esperanto Teacher.pdf/110

Aa, Bb, Cc, Ĉĉ, Dd, Ee, Ff, Gg, Ĝĝ, Hh, Ĥĥ, Ii, Jj, Ĵĵ, Kk, Ll, Mm, Nn, Oo, Pp, Rr, Ss, Ŝŝ, Tt, Uu, Ǔǔ, Vv, Zz.*

Remark.—Presses which do not possess the accented letters can use instead of them ch, gh, hh, jh, sh, u.

(1) There is no indefinite Article; there is only a definite article (la), alike for all sexes, cases, and numbers.

Remark.—The use of the article is the same as in the other languages. People who find a difficulty in the use of the article need not at first use it at all.

(2) Substantives have the termination o. To form the plural the termination j is added. There are only two cases: nominative and accusative; the latter is obtained from the nominative by the addition of the termination n. Other cases are expressed by the aid of prepositions (the genitive by de, the dative by al, the ablative by per, or other prepositions according to sense).

(3) The Adjective ends in a. Case and number as with the substantive. The Comparative is made by means of the word pli, the Superlative by plej; with the Comparative the conjunction ol is used.

(4) The fundamental Numerals (they are not declined) are: unu, du, tri, kvar, kvin, ses, sep, ok, naǔ, dek, cent, mil. The tens and hundreds are formed by simple junction of the numerals. To mark the ordinal numerals the termination of the adjective is added; for the multiple—the suffix obl, for the fractional—on, for the collective—op, for the distributive—the word po. Substantival and adverbial numerals can also be used.

• Names of the letters: a, bo, co, ĉo, do, e, fo, go, ĝo, ho, ĥo, i, jo, ĵo, ko, lo, mo, no, o, po, ro, so, ŝo, to, u, ǔo, vo, zo.