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office and of an Indian agency and his familiarity with the rules and regulations of the Service. Personality and administrative ability must of course always be given major consideration, but it should be possible in a Service as large as that dealing with the Indians to find persons possessed of these qualities in addition to the highly desirable training and experience in the lines along which lie the principal opportunities for the economic advancement of the particular Indians. One of-the reasons for the recommendations which are to follow for raising the requirements for farmers, foresters, industrial and other teachers, and other professional and scientific subordinate workers, and for the establishment of the scientific and professional Division of Planning and Development, already described, is that such provisions will give the Service a far larger body of well equipped persons from whom selection may be made for promotion to superintendents. Examination of the ages of the superintendents will disclose that in the course of the next ten years the Service will have to replace a very considerable number of its veteran superintendents; and it may be questioned whether the younger timber at present in sight is as good as the old, for in the past ten or fifteen years positions in the Indian Service have not been nearly as attractive as they were when the present older superintendents entered the Service. It must be stated clearly that many of the present younger superintendents are excellent men and that there is no intention of discrediting them as a class in any way; but the Service will probably have to make more replacements in the fairly near future than it has for a good many years, and it should be giving consideration to that fact because of the vitally important place that superintendents, both school and agency, occupy in work for the advancement of the Indians.

Raising Qualifications for Employees in Direct Contact with Indians. The entrance standards for all positions where the employee comes in direct contact with the Indians to aid and lead them in a technical field should be placed on a reasonably high professional basis. It must be constantly borne in mind that these persons are primarily teachers; that their duties are not to do for the Indians but to teach the Indians to do for themselves and to give them encouragement and leadership. In some of the more remote parts