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extinct Kichai, while with the Tonkawa, themselves on the verge of extinction, was a single woman of the broken tribe of the Lipán.
A glance at the list will show that four-fifths of the Indians thus brought together represented but a single type, the ordinary tipi tribes of the plains. The wood carvers of the Columbia, the shell workers and basket makers of Oregon and California, the Navaho weavers, the Pawnee—aboriginal owners of Nebraska,—the tribes of the gulf states, now living in Indian Territory, and the historic Iroquois of the long-house were unrepresented.
Linguistically, the tribes are classified as follows: Algonquian stock—Arapaho, Blackfoot, Cheyenne, Potawatomi, Sauk and Fox; Athapascan stock—Chiricahua Apache, San Carlos Apache, Kiowa Apache, Lipán; Caddoan stock—Wichita, Kichai; Salishan stock—Flathead, Spokan, Kalispel; Siouan stock—Assiniboin, Crow, Iowa, Omaha, Oto, Ponka, Sioux, Winnebago; Tanoan stock—Santa Clara Pueblo; Tonkawan stock—Tonkawa; Yuman stock—Mohave.
We shall now speak in detail of some of the tribes, beginning with one of the most interesting. The Wichita, with their confederates, the Waco, Tawákoni, and Kichai, numbering now altogether only about 320, belong to the Caddoan stock, and reside on a reservation in southwestern Oklahoma. The first three are practically one people and speak a dialect of the Pawnee language, the Tawákoni particularly claiming close relationship with the Skidi division of the Pawnee. The Kichai, reduced now to about 60 souls, are the remnant of a tribe from eastern Texas, with a distinct language of their own. The Wichita call themselves Kĭtikĭtísh, meaning literally, "racoon eyelids," but understood to signify "tattooed eyelids," from a former custom among the men of tattooing lines upon the eyelids. The women tattoo lines upon the chin, and some of the older ones have their breasts covered with tattooed designs. From this custom the Wichita derived their French name of Panis Piqués. The common name of