Trémaux's algorithm
Burnham marks her path in a maze
Tremaux's algorithm was a mathematical algorithm for solving mazes, predicated on marking one's path to eliminate routes.
In 3191, while trapped in a mindscape labyrinth made to look like the Eternal Gallery and Archive, Captain Michael Burnham realized she needed to navigate the maze to find Doctor Marina Derex's clue to the Progenitors technology. Burnham recalled Tremaux's algorithm as a mathematical method of solving a maze, and a part of the program there to assist her (that took the appearance of Cleveland Booker) offered her a bucket of sand to mark her route. (DIS: "Labyrinths")