Kaminar population history
Portion of the compiled data
The Kaminar population history was compiled by the crew of USS Discovery in 2257. It was created using data gathered by the Sphere two thousand years prior. It showed that the Kelpiens were once the dominant race until they were subjugated by the technologically superior Ba'ul.
At a point in the early first century B.C. on Kaminar, the Ba'ul population numbered 23,005, while the Kelpiens numbered more than 55,500 (more than 29,000 that had undergone vaharai, and 26,503 that had not.)
In the 1st century, the Ba'ul narrowly escaped extinction, with a population that dropped as low as 259, until they were able to wipe out the "evolved" Kelpiens leaving only a small number of evolved Kelpiens, allowing the Ba'ul population to repopulate. (DIS: "The Sound of Thunder")

Ba'ul: 23,005
Kelpiens (unevolved): 26,503
Kelpiens (evolved): 29,000.

Ba'ul: 23,056
Kelpiens (unevolved): 26,532
Kelpiens (evolved): 29,160.

Ba'ul: 13,487
Kelpiens (unevolved): 0
Kelpiens (evolved): 29,508.

Ba'ul: 259
Kelpiens (unevolved): 0
Kelpiens (evolved): 29,968.

Ba'ul: 11,930
Kelpiens (unevolved): 0
Kelpiens (evolved): 15,984.

Ba'ul: 25,277
Kelpiens (unevolved): 8
Kelpiens (evolved): 0.