Etching
Clar gestures at etchings in the Primes' great history stone
Etching was the process of chemically incising a mark on a hard surface such as metal or rock.
The Horta of Janus VI could communicate with humanoids by etching words into stone with their natural acid. (TOS: "The Devil in the Dark")
In 2256, the USS Glenn suffered a catastrophic basidiosac rupture while testing its spore drive, which left a characteristic etching pattern on its hull. (DIS: "Context Is for Kings")
In 2369, Captain Nu'Daq sarcastically commented, "Etched in stone, no doubt," to a Romulan commander's assurance that his word could be trusted. (TNG: "The Chase")
The Primes of K'Tuevon Prime recorded great deeds by etching them on their great history stone. In 2380, Imperium Magistrate Clar invited the senior staff of the USS Cerritos to etch their rescue of him from the Romulans onto the stone. (LD: "Veritas")