List of nail conditions

This is a list of terms used to describe nails in nail diseases.[1][2] Some are normal variants.[3] Most can be diagnosed by their appearance.[4] There may be a change in color, shape, surface, or attachment of the nail.[5][6][7]

Types

  • Acquired deformities of the nail plate[8]
  • Acquired abnormalities of nail colour[8]
  • Infections of the nail or perionychium[8]
  • Certain disorders affecting the nails or perionychium[8]
  • Genetic defects of nails or nail growth[8]

Nail conditions

A-F

Nail abnormality atlas (A-F)
Name Types Signs and symptoms Image Notes
Anonychia[9] The absence of finger- and/or toenails.[10]
Beau’s lines Varying depths of transverse grooves across the nail due to reduced growth or arrest of nail growth.[11]
Chevron nail Also known as Herringbone nail, is a transient fingernail ridge pattern seen in children.[1]
Chromonychia Brown-black nails (melanonychia)[12] Acquired abnormalities of nail color[8]
Blue nails[10]
Green nails
Red nails[12]
White nails: Terry's nails[10]
Clubbing[11] Congenital
Acquired
Congenital onychodysplasia of the index fingers
Darier disease
Drug side effect

G-I

Nail abnormality atlas (G-I)
Name Description Image
Habit-tic deformity[12]
Half and half nail[10]
Hangnail An annoying torn piece of skin, next to a fingernail or toenail.[1]
Hapalonychia
Hook nail
Hutchinson sign[13]
Ingrown nail Ingrowing toenail[11]
Infected ingrowing toenail

J-N

Nail abnormality atlas (J-N)
Name Description Image
Koilonychia[3]
  • Spoon-shaped nails (thin and curve upwards)[3]
  • Normal in babies[3]
Lichen planus of nails
Mees' lines[10]
Muehrcke's nails[10]
Myxoid cyst
Nail–patella syndrome
Nail splitting

O

Nail abnormality atlas (O)
Name Description Image
Onychauxis[10]
Onychia
Onychogryphosis[10] Acquired deformities of the nail plate[8]
Onycholysis[6] Psoriatic Psoriatic onycholysis File:Drug-induced onycholysis (DermNet NZ reactions-onycholysis3).jpg Acquired deformities of the nail plate[8]
Drug-induced

(Tetrayclines, taxanes)[6]

Acquired deformities of the nail plate[8]
Infections

(Candida, dermatophytes, HPV)[6]

Endocrine

(Hyperthyroidism)[6]

Tumor

(Subungal exostosis, SCC)[6]

Trauma[6]
Onychophosis
Onychomadesis[3] Shedding of nails from base[3]

New nail simultaneously appearing[3]

Following viral infection[3]

Onychomatricoma
Onychomycosis
Onychorrhexis[10] Excessive ridges from frequent hand washing.[10]
Onychoschizia[10]

P

Nail abnormality atlas (P)
Name Types Signs and symptomsImage Image Notes
Paronychia[15] Acute[15]
Chronic[15]
Bacterial[15]
Viral[15]
Fungal[15]
Non-infectious[15]
Pachyonychia congenita Acquired deformities of the nail plate[8]
Periungal fibroma
Pincer nail
Pitted nails[10] Small, pinpoint depressions in a nail, which may give a clue to diagnosing conditions such as psoriasis and alopecia areata.[1][10] Acquired deformities of the nail plate[8]
Platonychia
Plummer's nail
Psoriatic onychodystrophy
Pterygium inversus unguis[1]
Pterygium unguis[1]

Q-Z

Nail abnormality atlas (Q-Z)
Name Description Image
Racquet nail
Shell nail syndrome
Splinter hemorrhage[10]
Subungal exostosis
Subungual hematoma Certain disorders affecting the nails or perionychium[8]
Trachonychia[10]
Yellow nail syndrome[10] [11] Acquired abnormalities of nail color[8]

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 James, William D.; Elston, Dirk; Treat, James R.; Rosenbach, Misha A.; Neuhaus, Isaac (2020). "33. Diseases of the skin appendages". Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology (13th ed.). Edinburgh: Elsevier. pp. 750–793. ISBN 978-0-323-54753-6. Archived from the original on 2023-04-12. Retrieved 2023-04-12.
  2. ↑ "Nail terminology | DermNet NZ". dermnetnz.org. Archived from the original on 12 April 2022. Retrieved 15 April 2022.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 Bellet, Jane Sanders (2021). "Paediatric nail disorders". In Lipner, Shari (ed.). Nail Disorders: Diagnosis and Management, An Issue of Dermatologic Clinics. Philadelphia: Elsevier. pp. 231–244. ISBN 978-0-323-70923-1. Archived from the original on 2023-07-01. Retrieved 2023-04-12.
  4. ↑ Singal, Archana; Neema, Shekhar; Kumar, Piyush, eds. (2019). Nail Disorders: A Comprehensive Approach. Boca Raton: Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-0-8153-7834-1. Archived from the original on 2023-07-01. Retrieved 2023-06-02.
  5. ↑ Berker, David de (2019). "20. Diseases of the nails". In Morris-Jones, Rachael (ed.). ABC of Dermatology (7th ed.). Hoboken: Wiley Blackwell. pp. 165–174. ISBN 978-1-119-48899-6. Archived from the original on 2023-07-01. Retrieved 2023-06-05.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 Bolognia, Jean L.; Schaffer, Julie V.; Duncan, Karynne O.; Ko, Christine (2021). "58. Nail disorders". Dermatology Essentials (2nd ed.). Elsevier. pp. 561–573. ISBN 978-0-323-62453-4. Archived from the original on 2024-01-20. Retrieved 2024-01-17.
  7. ↑ Saavedra, Arturo; Roh, Ellen K.; Mikailov, Anar (2023). "32.Disorders of the nail apparatus". Fitzpatrick's Color Atlas and Synopsis of Clinical Dermatology, 9/e (9th ed.). New York: McGraw Hill Professional. pp. 849–872. ISBN 978-1-264-27801-5. Archived from the original on 2023-12-31. Retrieved 2024-01-18.
  8. ↑ 8.00 8.01 8.02 8.03 8.04 8.05 8.06 8.07 8.08 8.09 8.10 8.11 8.12 "ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics". icd.who.int. Archived from the original on 1 August 2018. Retrieved 20 June 2023.
  9. ↑ MacGilchrist, Claire (2020). "3. The skin and nails in podiatry". In Burrow, J. Gordon; Rome, Keith; Padhiar, Nat (eds.). Neale's Disorders of the Foot and Ankle (9th ed.). Elsevier. pp. 31–57. ISBN 978-0-7020-6504-0.
  10. ↑ 10.00 10.01 10.02 10.03 10.04 10.05 10.06 10.07 10.08 10.09 10.10 10.11 10.12 10.13 10.14 10.15 Johnstone, Ronald B. (2017). "2. Diagnostic clues and "need-to-know" items". Weedon's Skin Pathology Essentials (2nd ed.). Elsevier. pp. 30–33. ISBN 978-0-7020-6830-0. Archived from the original on 2023-07-01. Retrieved 2023-05-31.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 Tosti, Antonella (2020). "413. Diseases of hair and nails". In Goldman, Lee; Schafer, Andrew I. (eds.). Goldman-Cecil Medicine. Vol. 2 (26th ed.). Philadelphia: Elsevier. pp. 2660–2661. ISBN 978-0-323-53266-2. Archived from the original on 2023-06-30. Retrieved 2023-05-31.
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 Sloan, Brett; Muzumdar, Sonal (2022). "15. Conditions that frequently affect a single nail". In Waldman, Reid A.; Grant-Kels, Jane M. (eds.). Dermatology for the Primary Care Provider. Philadelphia: Elsevier. pp. 268–272. ISBN 978-0-323-71236-1. Archived from the original on 2023-07-30. Retrieved 2023-07-28.
  13. ↑ Bose, Shiti; Khandare, Manish; Kulkarni, Dipak; Joseph, Jebin (January 2023). "A Compendium of Common Signs in Dermoscopy, Trichoscopy, and Onychoscopy". Clinical Dermatology Review. 7 (1): 44. doi:10.4103/cdr.cdr_74_21. ISSN 2542-551X. Archived from the original on 2023-03-25. Retrieved 2023-07-28.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  14. ↑ Berker, David de (2019). "20. Diseases of the nails". In Morris-Jones, Rachael (ed.). ABC of Dermatology (7th ed.). Hoboken: Wiley Blackwell. p. 168. ISBN 978-1-119-48899-6. Archived from the original on 2023-07-01. Retrieved 2023-06-05.
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 15.3 15.4 15.5 15.6 Dulski, Anne; Edwards, Christopher W. (2022). "Paronychia". StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing. Archived from the original on 2022-08-15. Retrieved 2023-08-03.
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