List of paraphilias

Paraphilia
SpecialtyPsychiatry

Paraphilias are sexual interests in objects, situations, or individuals that are atypical. The American Psychiatric Association, in its Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, Fifth Edition (DSM), draws a distinction between paraphilias (which it describes as atypical sexual interests) and paraphilic disorders (which additionally require the experience of distress, impairment in functioning, and/or the desire to act on them with a nonconsenting person).[1][2] Some paraphilias have more than one term to describe them, and some terms overlap with others. Paraphilias without DSM codes listed come under DSM 302.9, "Paraphilia NOS (Not Otherwise Specified)".

In his 2008 book on sexual pathologies, Anil Aggrawal compiled a list of 547 terms describing paraphilic sexual interests. He cautioned, however, that "not all these paraphilias have necessarily been seen in clinical setups. This may not be because they do not exist, but because they are so innocuous they are never brought to the notice of clinicians or dismissed by them. Like allergies, sexual arousal may occur from anything under the sun, including the sun."[3]

Most of the following names for paraphilias, constructed in the nineteenth and especially twentieth centuries from Greek and Latin roots (see List of medical roots, suffixes and prefixes), are used in medical contexts only.

Paraphilias

A

Paraphilia Focus of erotic interest
Abasiophilia People with impaired mobility.[4]
Acrotomophilia People with amputations.[5][6]
Acomoclitism Sexual arousal from lack of pubic hair.[7]
Acucullophilia Sexual attraction to circumcised genitals.[8]
Acralagnia Sexual attraction to extremities such as fingers, toes, or earlobes.[9]
Agalmatophilia Statues, mannequins and immobility.[10]
Algolagnia Pain, particularly involving an erogenous zone; differs from masochism as there is a biologically different interpretation of the intense sensation rather than a subjective interpretation.[11]
Amaurophilia Being unable to see.[12][13][14]
Amelotasis Sexual attraction to people with limb deformities or malformations.[15]
Amokoscisia To slash and mutilate women.[16]
Amychophilia Sexual arousal from scratching or being scratched.[17]
Andromimetophilia Trans men.[4][18]
Anililagnia Attraction by young men to older women.[19]
Antholagnia Sexual arousal from flowers.[20]
Anthropophagolagnia Raping and then cannibalizing another person.[21]
Apotemnophilia Being an amputee.[5][22]
Aquaphilia A sexual fetish that involves people swimming, posing, or drowning in water.
Armpit fetishism/maschalagnia Armpits.[3]
Asphyxiophilia Asphyxia or strangling of oneself or others.[5][23]
Attraction to disability People with one or more physical disabilities.[24]
Autagonistophilia Being on stage or on camera.[25][26]
Autoanilingus Fantasizing about performing anilingus on oneself.[27]
Autassassinophilia Being in life-threatening situations.[5]
Autoerotic asphyxiation Self-induced asphyxiation, sometimes to the point of near unconsciousness.[26]
Autofellatio Performing oral sex on oneself (male).[28][29]
Autohemofetishism Making oneself bleed, a type of hematolagnia.[30]
Autonepiophilia The image of oneself in the form of an infant.[25]
Autopedophilia The image of oneself in the form of a child.[31]
Autoplushophilia The image of oneself in the form of a plush.[31]
Autovampirism/vampirism The image of oneself in the form of a vampire.[32][33][34] Involves ingesting or seeing one's own blood.[30]
Autozoophilia The image of oneself in the form of an animal.[35][36]

B

Paraphilia Focus of erotic interest
Balloon fetishism / Balloonophilia Balloons, including inflating, popping, or rubbing them.[37]
Belly fetishism/alvinolagnia The midriff or belly.
Biastophilia/raptophilia Raping a person, possibly consensual rape fantasy.
Body inflation fetishism Fantasies involving inflation of body parts.[38]
Body modification fetishism Erotic interest in tattoos, piercings, scarification, and other body alterations.[39]
Bondage Being tied up or physically restrained.[5][25]
Breast fetishism/mazophilia Female breasts.

C

Paraphilia Focus of erotic interest
Cacophilia Loud or unpleasant sounds.[40]
Candaulism Exposing one's partner or images of their partner to others.
Cannibalism/anthropophagy Ingesting human flesh.[21]
Canophilia Dogs.[41]
Capnolagnia Smoking.[42]
Catoptrophilia Mirrors or reflections.[43]
Cenophilia Empty spaces or voids.[44]
Cheirophilia Erotic interest in hands or hand contact.[45]
Chremastistophilia Being robbed or held up.[25]
Chronophilia Partners of a widely differing chronological age.[25]
Claustrophilia Confined or enclosed spaces.[46]
Climacophilia Falling down stairs.[47]
Clothing fetishism Specific garments such as lingerie, uniforms, or latex wear.[48]
Coprophilia/scatophilia/fecophilia Feces.[2][49]
Coulrophilia Clowns.[50]
Crush fetishism Crushing objects or small animals.[51]
Cryophilia Ice or cold temperatures.[52]
Cuckolding fetishism/troilism Observing one's partner engaged in sexual activities with another person.[53][4][26]

D

Paraphilia Focus of erotic interest
Dacnophilia Biting or being bitten.[54]
Dacryphilia Tears or crying.[55]
Diaper fetishism Diapers; considerable overlap with paraphilic infantilism.[56]
Dendrophilia Trees.[5]
Doll fetishism / Dollophilia Dolls, especially life-sized or sexualized ones.[57]
Dippoldism Erotic interest in corporal punishment of children.[58]
Dysmorphophilia Sexual arousal from one's own perceived physical deformities.[59]

E

Paraphilia Focus of erotic interest
Ecdysiophilia Erotic interest in striptease or undressing.[60]
Electrophilia Electricity or electric stimulation, including shocks.[61]
Emetophilia Vomit.[4]
Emetolagnia Sexual arousal from watching others vomit (distinct from emetophilia).[62]
Enopliophilia Erotic interest in weapons or armed individuals.[63]
Eproctophilia Flatulence.[3]
Erotophonophilia/dacnolagnomania Murder, often of strangers.[21]
Exhibitionism/peodeiktophilia Exposing one's genitals to unsuspecting and nonconsenting others.[2][5]
Exophilia Extraterrestrials.[64]
Entomophilia Insects.[65]

F

Paraphilia Focus of erotic interest
Fat fetishism/adipophilia Overweight or obese people.[66]
Feederism Eating, feeding, and weight gain.[67]
Food play/sitophilia Erotic situations involving food.
Foot fetishism/podophilia Feet.[68]
Formicophilia Being crawled on by insects.[25][69]
Forniphilia Turning a human being into a piece of furniture.
Free use Being "used" sexually by a sexual partner whenever they are aroused.[70]
Frotteurism Rubbing against a non-consenting person.[2]

G

Paraphilia Focus of erotic interest
Galactophilia Sexual arousal from breast milk or lactation.[71]
Galeophilia Sexual attraction to sharks.[72]
Gargalophilia Sexual arousal from tickling or being tickled.[73]
Gerontophilia Elderly people.[74]
Gynandromorphophilia/gynemimetophilia Transgender women.[4][75]
Gymnophilia Erotic interest in nudity or naked bodies.[76]
Gynephilia Females or femininity, regardless of one's own sex or gender identity.[77]

H

Paraphilia Focus of erotic interest
Hair fetishism/trichophilia Hair.[78]
Hand fetishism/cheirophilia Hands.
Hebephilia Children in early adolescence.
Hematolagnia Drinking or looking at blood.[79]
Heterophilia Idealization of heterosexuality and/or people who are "straight-acting", especially by non-heterosexual people.[80][81][82]
Hierophilia Religious/sacred objects.[14]
Hirsutophilia Erotic interest in body hair, especially excessive hair.[83]
Homilophilia Sexual arousal from sermons or religious preaching.[84]
Homophilia Idealization or erotic preference for same-sex partners, especially by non-homosexual individuals.[85]
Hoplophilia Firearms, guns.[86]
Humiliation fetishism / Humiliophilia Sexual arousal from being humiliated or humiliating others.[87]
Hybristophilia Criminals, particularly those who committed cruel or outrageous crimes.[25][88]

I

Paraphilia Focus of erotic interest
Iconophilia Erotic interest in religious or sacred images.[89]
Ichthyophilia Sexual attraction to fish.[90]
Igniphilia Erotic interest in fire or flames.[91]
Infantophilia Children less than five years old; a recently suggested term that is not in general use.[92]
Integumentophilia Erotic interest in skin or skin contact.[93]
Impregnation fetishism The event of being impregnated or impregnating another person.[94]

J

Paraphilia Focus of erotic interest
Jactitation fetishism Sexual arousal from thrashing or violent bodily movements.[95]
Jouissance fetishism Erotic interest in overwhelming pleasure or ecstatic states, often linked to loss of control.[96]
Jelly fetishism Sexual arousal from gelatinous substances such as jelly or slime.[97]
Juvenilophilia Sexual attraction to juveniles, typically older children or young adolescents (distinct from hebephilia).[98]

K

Paraphilia Focus of erotic interest
Katoptronophilia Mirrors.[99]
Kleptolagnia/kleptophilia Stealing;[4] a form of kleptomania.
Klismaphilia Enemas, arousal and enjoyment in receiving, administering, or both.[4][100]

L

Paraphilia Focus of erotic interest
Lactophilia/galactophilia Breast milk, breastfeeding or sucking on a woman's breasts.[78][101]
Leg fetishism/crurophilia Legs.[102]
Liquidophilia Immersing genitals in liquids.[78]

M

Paraphilia Focus of erotic interest
Macrophilia Giant beings; imagined growth of beings.[78]
Masochism Suffering or humiliation; being beaten, bound, or otherwise abused.[2]
Mechanophilia Cars or other machines; also "mechaphilia".[103][104][105]
Melolagnia Music.[106]
Menophilia Menstruation.[78]
Metrophilia Poetry.[106]
Microphilia Shrunken beings; imagined shrinking of beings.[78]
Morphophilia Particular body shapes or sizes.[26]
Mucophilia Mucus.[78]
Mysophilia Dirtiness, soiled or decaying things.[4]

N

Paraphilia Focus of erotic interest
Narratophilia Obscene words.[4]
Navel fetishism/alvinophilia Navel.
Nebulophilia Fog or smoke.[107]
Necrophilia Corpses.[2][4][108]
Nose fetishism/nasophilia Noses.[78]

O

Paraphilia Focus of erotic interest
Objectophilia Specific inanimate objects.[2]
Oculolinctus The act of licking the eyes of another person for the purpose of gratification.
Odaxelagnia Biting or being bitten.
Olfactophilia/bromidrophilia Smells and odors (particularly foul ones) emanating from the body, especially the sexual areas and/or from the opposite sex (as from bad breath, urine, feces, flatulence, etc.).[4][25]
Omorashi Having a full bladder and/or wetting oneself, or from seeing someone else experiencing a full bladder and/or wetting themself.

P

Paraphilia Focus of erotic interest
Paraphilic infantilism/autonepiophilia/adult baby syndrome Dressing or being treated like a baby;[25][109] considerable overlap with diaper fetishism.[56]
Partialism Specific, non-genital body parts.[2][4]
Pedophilia Preadolescent children; also spelled paedophilia.[2][110]
Pedovestism Dressing like a child.[111]
Pictophilia Pornography or erotic art, particularly pictures.[4][25]
Piquerism Piercing the flesh of another person, most commonly by stabbing or cutting the body with sharp objects.[112]
Plushophilia Stuffed toys ("plushies").[113]
Pregnancy fetishism/maiesiophilia Pregnant women.[114]
Pygophilia Buttocks.[115]
Pyrophilia Fire.[116]

R

Paraphilia Focus of erotic interest
Robot fetishism/robophilia Humanoid robots.

S

Paraphilia Focus of erotic interest
Sadism Inflicting pain on others.[2]
Salirophilia Soiling or dirtying others.[4]
Sexual fetishism Nonliving objects.[2]
Shoe fetishism Shoes, especially high heels.
Somnophilia/dormaphilia Being asleep or unconscious, or pretending to be asleep or unconscious.[4][25][117]
Sophophilia Learning.[118]
Sthenolagnia Muscles and displays of strength.[78]
Stigmatophilia Body piercings and tattoos.[5][78]
Symphorophilia Witnessing or staging disasters such as car accidents.[5]
Telephone scatologia/telephonicophilia/scatophilia Obscene phone calls, particularly to strangers.[2][25][119]

T

Paraphilia Focus of erotic interest
Teratophilia Deformed or monstrous people.[3] The term is also sometimes used in a more literal sense (from ancient Greek τέρας, teras, meaning monster) for attraction to monstrous mythical and fictional creatures such as werewolves.
Tickling fetishism/knismolagnia Tickling.[120]
Toucherism Touching an unsuspecting, non-consenting person with the hand.[121]
Toxophilia Archery.[106]
Transvestic fetishism Cross-dressing.[122]
Timophilia Gold, wealth, or social status.[123]

U

Paraphilia Focus of erotic interest
Urolagnia/water sports Urination, particularly in public, on others, and/or being urinated on.[2][4][25][26]

V

Paraphilia Focus of erotic interest
Vorarephilia/vore The idea of one person or creature eating or being eaten by another; usually swallowed whole, in one piece.[124]
Voyeurism/scopophilia Watching unsuspecting people while naked/undressing, engaging in sexual intercourse or other sexual activity, using the toilet, showering/bathing, or inadvertently flashing.[2][26]

W

Paraphilia Focus of erotic interest
Wet and messy fetishism Messy situations, including, but not limited to, being pied, slimed, or covered in mud.
Wetlook The wearing of wet clothing.

X

Paraphilia Focus of erotic interest
Xenophilia Foreign peoples, cultures, or customs.[125]

Z

Paraphilia Focus of erotic interest
Zoophilia Non-human animals.[2][4][25]
Zoosadism Inflicting pain on animals, or seeing animals in pain.[126]

See also

  • Courtship disorders
  • Erotic target location errors
  • List of phobias
  • Lovemaps
  • Perversion
  • Sexual fetishism

References

  1. ↑ Moran M (May 3, 2013). "DSM to Distinguish Paraphilias From Paraphilic Disorders". Psychiatric News. 48 (9). American Psychiatric Association: 10–261. doi:10.1176/appi.pn.2013.5a19. Retrieved 16 June 2013.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: DSM-IV. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association. 2000. ISBN 978-0-89042-025-6.
  3. 1 2 3 4 Aggrawal A (2008). "Appendix 1". Forensic and Medico-legal Aspects of Sexual Crimes and Unusual Sexual Practices. CRC Press. pp. 369–382. ISBN 978-1-4200-4308-2.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Milner JS, Dopke CA (2008). "Paraphilia Not Otherwise Specified: PsychopatholoIgy and theory". In Laws DR & O'Donohue WT (ed.). Sexual Deviance, Second Edition: Theory, Assessment, and Treatment. New York: The Guilford Press. pp. 384–418. ISBN 978-1-59385-605-2.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Money J (1984). "Paraphilias: Phenomenology and classification". American Journal of Psychotherapy. 38 (2): 164–78. doi:10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.1984.38.2.164. PMID 6234812.
  6. ↑ Money J, Simcoe KW (1986). "Acrotomophilia, sex, and disability: New concepts and case report". Sexuality and Disability. 7 (1/2): 43–50. doi:10.1007/BF01101829. S2CID 145239837.
  7. ↑ Gopnik A (2010). "Hairless". Cabinet Magazine. No. 40. Retrieved 4 October 2025.
  8. ↑ "Acucullophilia: Symptoms, Causes and Treatment". Maestro Virtuale. 5 January 2020. Retrieved 4 October 2025.
  9. ↑ "Uncommon Sexual Interests: A Guide to Paraphilias". TherapyRoute.com. Retrieved 4 October 2025.
  10. ↑ Scobie A, Taylor J (1975). "Perversions ancient and modern: I. Agalmatophilia, the statue syndrome". Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences. 11 (1): 49–54. doi:10.1002/1520-6696(197501)11:1<49::AID-JHBS2300110112>3.0.CO;2-6. PMID 11609831.
  11. ↑ Kelley K, Byrne D (1986). Alternative Approaches to the Study of Sexual Behavior. Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. pp. 13–38. ISBN 978-0-89859-677-9.
  12. ↑ "Amaurophilia Kinkdictionary". 17 April 2022.
  13. ↑ "Blindness Fetishes Explained".
  14. 1 2 Fedoroff JP (October 2019). "Other Specified Paraphilic Disorders". The Paraphilias. pp. 217–C10.P205. doi:10.1093/med/9780190466329.003.0010. ISBN 978-0-19-046632-9.
  15. ↑ "Definition of Amelotasis". Mancophilie.de. Retrieved 4 October 2025.
  16. ↑ "Amokoscisia Kink dictionary". 17 April 2022.
  17. ↑ Levine N (August 2022). "Managing Sexual Paraphilias and Fetishes". Psychology Today. Retrieved 4 October 2025.
  18. ↑ Money J, Lamacz, M (1984). "Gynemimesis and gynemimetophilia: Individual and cross-cultural manifestations of a gender-coping strategy hitherto unnamed". Comprehensive Psychiatry. 25 (4): 392–403. doi:10.1016/0010-440X(84)90074-9. PMID 6467919.
  19. ↑ Theroux A (2008). Laura Warholic. Fantagraphics Books. p. 135. ISBN 978-1-56097-798-8.
  20. ↑ "Antholagnia". Glossaria.net. 13 August 2015. Retrieved 4 October 2025.
  21. 1 2 3 Hickey EW (2006). Sex Crimes and Paraphilia. Pearson Education. p. 87. ISBN 978-0-13-170350-6.
  22. ↑ Money J, Jobaris R, Furth G (1977). "Apotemnophilia: Two cases of self-demand amputation as a paraphilia". The Journal of Sex Research. 13 (2): 115–125. doi:10.1080/00224497709550967. JSTOR 3811894.
  23. ↑ Blanchard R, Hucker SJ (1991). "Age, transvestism, bondage, and concurrent paraphilic activities in 117 fatal cases of autoerotic asphyxia". British Journal of Psychiatry. 159 (3): 371–7. doi:10.1192/bjp.159.3.371. PMID 1958948. S2CID 20137589.
  24. ↑ Smith RC (2004). "Amputee identity disorder and related paraphilias". Psychiatry. 3 (8): 27–30. doi:10.1383/psyt.3.8.27.43394.
  25. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Money, John (1988). Lovemaps: Clinical Concepts of Sexual/Erotic Health and Pathology, Paraphilia, and Gender Transposition in Childhood, Adolescence, and Maturity. Buffalo, N.Y: Prometheus Books. ISBN 978-0-87975-456-3.
  26. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Seto MC, Barbaree HE (2000). "Paraphilias". In Hersen M, Van Hasselt VB (eds.). Aggression and violence: an introductory text. Boston: Allyn & Bacon. pp. 198–213. ISBN 978-0-205-26721-7.
  27. ↑ "Anorectal Autoeroticism: A Case Report". ResearchGate. 2019. Retrieved 4 October 2025.
  28. ↑ "Autofellatio: Psychology and Physical Factors". Ithy.com. Retrieved 4 October 2025.
  29. ↑ "Understanding Autofellatio". WellCalm.info. Retrieved 4 October 2025.
  30. 1 2 Hickey EW (2006). Sex Crimes and Paraphilia. Pearson Education. p. 117. ISBN 978-0-13-170350-6.
  31. 1 2 Lawrence AA (2009). "Erotic target location errors: An underappreciated paraphilic dimension". The Journal of Sex Research. 46 (2–3): 194–215. doi:10.1080/00224490902747727. PMID 19308843. S2CID 10105602.
  32. ↑ McCully RS (1964). "Vampirism: Historical perspective and underlying process in relation to a case of auto-vampirism". Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. 139 (5): 440–451. doi:10.1097/00005053-196411000-00004. PMID 14227491. S2CID 27907404.
  33. ↑ Vanden Bergh RL, Kelly JF (1964). "Vampirism: A review with new observations". Archives of General Psychiatry. 11 (5): 543–547. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1964.01720290085012. PMID 14208658.
  34. ↑ Prins H (1985). "Vampirism—A clinical condition". British Journal of Psychiatry. 146 (6): 666–668. doi:10.1192/bjp.146.6.666. PMID 4016482. S2CID 42514183.
  35. ↑ "Autozoophilia Kink dictionary". 17 April 2022.
  36. ↑ Bailey JM, Hsu KJ, Jang HH (2023). "Elaborating and Testing Erotic Target Identity Inversion Theory in Three Paraphilic Samples". Archives of Sexual Behavior. 54 (8): 2805–2823. doi:10.1007/s10508-023-02647-x. PMID 37415028.
  37. ↑ Aggrawal A (2009). Forensic and Medico-legal Aspects of Sexual Crimes and Unusual Sexual Practices. CRC Press. pp. 78–79. ISBN 978-1-4200-4308-0. {{cite book}}: Check |isbn= value: checksum (help)
  38. ↑ Langstrom N, Zucker KJ (2005). "Sexual interest in bodily inflation: A paraphilic condition?". Archives of Sexual Behavior. 34 (5): 539–547. doi:10.1007/s10858-005-7959-z. PMID 16211485.
  39. ↑ Vale V, Juno A (1989). Modern Primitives. RE/Search Publications. pp. 12–35. ISBN 978-0-940642-01-3. {{cite book}}: Check |isbn= value: checksum (help)
  40. ↑ Aggrawal A (2009). Forensic and Medico-legal Aspects of Sexual Crimes and Unusual Sexual Practices. CRC Press. p. 78. ISBN 978-1-4200-4308-0. {{cite book}}: Check |isbn= value: checksum (help)
  41. ↑ "Transtheoretical Approaches to Paraphilic Disorders".
  42. ↑ Ribisl KM, Lee RE, Henriksen L, Haladjian HH, "A content analysis of Web sites promoting smoking culture and lifestyle", Health Educ Behav. 2003 Feb;30(1):64-78
  43. ↑ Aggrawal A (2009). Forensic and Medico-legal Aspects of Sexual Crimes and Unusual Sexual Practices. CRC Press. p. 79. ISBN 978-1-4200-4308-0. {{cite book}}: Check |isbn= value: checksum (help)
  44. ↑ Aggrawal A (2009). Forensic and Medico-legal Aspects of Sexual Crimes and Unusual Sexual Practices. CRC Press. p. 80. ISBN 978-1-4200-4308-0. {{cite book}}: Check |isbn= value: checksum (help)
  45. ↑ Scorolli C, Gulotta G (2007). "Prevalence of Fetishism in a Sample of Italian Internet Users". International Journal of Impotence Research. 19 (5): 432–433. doi:10.1038/sj.ijir.3901572. PMID 17440494.
  46. ↑ Aggrawal A (2009). Forensic and Medico-legal Aspects of Sexual Crimes and Unusual Sexual Practices. CRC Press. p. 81. ISBN 978-1-4200-4308-0. {{cite book}}: Check |isbn= value: checksum (help)
  47. ↑ Hickey EW (2006). Sex Crimes and Paraphilia. Pearson Education. p. 87. ISBN 978-0-13-170350-6.
  48. ↑ Moser C, Kleinplatz PJ (2006). "Themes of SM expression". Journal of Homosexuality. 50 (2–3): 151–167. doi:10.1300/J082v50n02_08. PMID 16803763.
  49. ↑ Xavier CM (1955). "Coprophilia: A clinical study". British Journal of Medical Psychology. 28 (2–3): 188–190. doi:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1955.tb00893.x. PMID 14389628.
  50. ↑ Wynarczyk N (2017-06-19). "Inside the Kinky, Brightly Colored World of Clown Fetishists". Vice. Retrieved 2024-08-02.
  51. ↑ Vale V, Juno A (1989). Modern Primitives. RE/Search Publications. pp. 12–35. ISBN 978-0-940642-01-3. {{cite book}}: Check |isbn= value: checksum (help)
  52. ↑ Aggrawal A (2009). Forensic and Medico-legal Aspects of Sexual Crimes and Unusual Sexual Practices. CRC Press. p. 82. ISBN 978-1-4200-4308-0. {{cite book}}: Check |isbn= value: checksum (help)
  53. ↑ Rufus A (July 29, 2010). "The Intellectual Sex Fetish". The Daily Beast. Retrieved November 20, 2021.
  54. ↑ Joyal CC, Carpentier J (2017). "The Prevalence of Paraphilic Interests and Behaviors in the General Population: A Provincial Survey". Journal of Sex Research. 54 (2): 161–171. doi:10.1080/00224499.2016.1139034.
  55. ↑ Holmes RM (2002). Sex Crimes: Patterns and Behavior. Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications. p. 244. ISBN 978-0-7619-2417-3. OCLC 48883594.
  56. 1 2 Taormino T (2002-08-13). "Still in Diapers". The Village Voice. Archived from the original on 2008-09-20. Retrieved 2007-05-08.
  57. ↑ Leone R (2019). "Sexualized Dolls and the Erotic Imagination". Sexuality & Culture. 23 (4): 1202–1218. doi:10.1007/s12119-019-00631-2 (inactive 21 October 2025).{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of October 2025 (link)
  58. ↑ Rosman A, Rubel PG (1994). The Dippold Case and the Origins of Modern Child Protection. University of Chicago Press. pp. 45–47. ISBN 978-0226726014.
  59. ↑ Money J (1999). "Body Image Disorders and Paraphilias: The Concept of Erotic Target Location Errors". Archives of Sexual Behavior. 28 (1): 79–93. doi:10.1023/A:1018762329215 (inactive 21 October 2025).{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of October 2025 (link)
  60. ↑ Moser C, Kleinplatz PJ (2006). "Themes of SM Expression". Journal of Homosexuality. 50 (2–3): 151–167. doi:10.1300/J082v50n02_08. PMID 16803763.
  61. ↑ Aggrawal A (2009). Forensic and Medico-legal Aspects of Sexual Crimes and Unusual Sexual Practices. CRC Press. p. 88. ISBN 978-1-4200-4308-0. {{cite book}}: Check |isbn= value: checksum (help)
  62. ↑ Hickey EW (2006). Sex Crimes and Paraphilia. Pearson Education. p. 87. ISBN 978-0-13-170350-6.
  63. ↑ Aggrawal A (2009). Forensic and Medico-legal Aspects of Sexual Crimes and Unusual Sexual Practices. CRC Press. p. 89. ISBN 978-1-4200-4308-0. {{cite book}}: Check |isbn= value: checksum (help)
  64. ↑ "SpaceXXX: What Makes People Want to Have Sex With Aliens?". 7 September 2018.
  65. ↑ Clay K (2014-10-08). A Mouthful of Maggots. Vol. 64. pp. 1189–1191. doi:10.1093/biosci/biu161. ISBN 9780199930197 – via Oxford University Press. Lockwood does address entomophilia, the love of insects. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help)
  66. ↑ HART KP (2017-12-22). "Fat Fetishism and Feederism on Film". Cultural Intertexts. 7/2017: 124–136. doi:10.5281/ZENODO.7854870.
  67. ↑ Terry LL, Suschinsky KD, Lalumiere ML, Vasey PL (2012). "Feederism: An exaggeration of a normative mate selection preference?". Archives of Sexual Behavior. 41 (1): 249–260. doi:10.1007/s10508-012-9925-7. PMID 22392517. S2CID 44663597.
  68. ↑ Hickey EW (2006). Sex Crimes and Paraphilia. Pearson Education. p. 165. ISBN 978-0-13-170350-6.
  69. ↑ Dewaraja R, Money J (1986). "Transcultural sexology: Formicophilia, a newly named paraphilia in a young Buddhist male". Journal of Sex and Marital Therapy. 12 (2): 139–145. doi:10.1080/00926238608415401. PMID 3723604.
  70. ↑ Taylor M (18 August 2023). "What's the 'Free Use' Fetish, and Why's Everyone Talking About It?". Vice. Retrieved 11 August 2024.
  71. ↑ Krueger RB, Kaplan MS (2001). "The paraphilic and hypersexual disorders: An overview". Journal of Psychiatric Practice. 7 (6): 391–403. doi:10.1097/00131746-200111000-00004. PMID 15990551.
  72. ↑ Williams DJ (2010). Unusual Sexual Interests: A Taxonomy. Nova Science Publishers. p. 112. ISBN 978-1-61668-123-6. {{cite book}}: Check |isbn= value: checksum (help)
  73. ↑ Joyal CC, Carpentier J (2017). "The Prevalence of Paraphilic Interests and Behaviors in the General Population: A Provincial Survey". Journal of Sex Research. 54 (2): 161–171. doi:10.1080/00224499.2016.1139034.
  74. ↑ Hirschfeld M (1920). Die Homosexualität des Mannes und des Weibes [Homosexuality in Men and Women] (in German) (2nd ed.). Berlin: Louis Marcus.
  75. ↑ Blanchard R, Collins PI (1993). "Men with sexual interest in transvestites, transsexuals, and she-males". Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. 181 (9): 570–575. doi:10.1097/00005053-199309000-00008. PMID 8245926. S2CID 37059616.
  76. ↑ Scorolli C, Gulotta G (2007). "Prevalence of Fetishism in a Sample of Italian Internet Users". International Journal of Impotence Research. 19 (5): 432–433. doi:10.1038/sj.ijir.3901572. PMID 17440494.
  77. ↑ Laube JS, Auer MK, Biedermann SV, Schröder J, Hildebrandt T, Nieder TO, Briken P, Fuss J (2020). "Sexual Behavior, Desire, and Psychosexual Experience in Gynephilic and Androphilic Trans Women: A Cross-Sectional Multicenter Study". The Journal of Sexual Medicine. 17 (6): 1182–1194. doi:10.1016/j.jsxm.2020.01.030. PMID 32147311.
  78. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Scorolli C, Ghirlanda S, Enquist M, Zattoni S, Jannini EA (2007). "Relative prevalence of different fetishes". Int. J. Impot. Res. 19 (4): 432–7. doi:10.1038/sj.ijir.3901547. PMID 17304204.
  79. ↑ Hickey EW (2006). Sex Crimes and Paraphilia. Pearson Education. p. 114. ISBN 978-0-13-170350-6.
  80. ↑ Schwartz D (1993). "Heterophilia—the love that dare not speak its aim commentary on trop and Stolorow's 'defense analysis in self psychology: A developmental view'". Psychoanalytic Dialogues. 3 (4): 643–652. doi:10.1080/10481889309539000.
  81. ↑ Wood, Mitchell J. (2004). The Gay Male Gaze: Body image disturbance and gender oppression among gay men. In Lipton, Benjamin (ed.) Gay Men Living with Chronic Illnesses and Disabilities: From Crisis to Crossroads. Psychology Press, ISBN 978-1-56023-336-7
  82. ↑ Kantor, Martin (1999). The Paraphilias, in Treating Emotional Disorder in Gay Men, pp. 67 ff. Greenwood Publishing Group, ISBN 978-0-275-96333-0
  83. ↑ Scorolli C, Gulotta G (2007). "Prevalence of Fetishism in a Sample of Italian Internet Users". International Journal of Impotence Research. 19 (5): 432–433. doi:10.1038/sj.ijir.3901572. PMID 17440494.
  84. ↑ Rosman A, Rubel PG (1994). The Dippold Case and the Origins of Modern Child Protection. University of Chicago Press. pp. 45–47. ISBN 978-0226726014.
  85. ↑ Morandini JS, Blaszczynski A, Dar-Nimrod I (2017). "Who adopts non-traditional sexual identities?". Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity. 4 (4): 472–482. doi:10.1037/sgd0000250.
  86. ↑ Levine, Risen & Althof (2011). Handbook of Clinical Sexuality for Mental Health Professionals. Routledge. p. 406. ISBN 978-1-135-96749-9.
  87. ↑ Connolly PH (2002). "Deviant Desires: A Tour of the Erotic Edge". Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity. 9 (4): 273–287. doi:10.1080/10720160208403734 (inactive 21 October 2025).{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of October 2025 (link)
  88. ↑ Sharma BR (September 2003). "Disorders of sexual preference and medicolegal issues thereof". Am J Forensic Med Pathol. 24 (3): 277–82. doi:10.1097/01.paf.0000069503.21112.d2. PMID 12960665. S2CID 37392247.
  89. ↑ Aggrawal A (2009). Forensic and Medico-legal Aspects of Sexual Crimes and Unusual Sexual Practices. CRC Press. p. 91. ISBN 978-1-4200-4308-0. {{cite book}}: Check |isbn= value: checksum (help)
  90. ↑ Williams DJ (2010). Unusual Sexual Interests: A Taxonomy. Nova Science Publishers. p. 112. ISBN 978-1-61668-123-6. {{cite book}}: Check |isbn= value: checksum (help)
  91. ↑ Vale V, Juno A (1989). Modern Primitives. RE/Search Publications. pp. 22–23. ISBN 978-0-940642-01-3. {{cite book}}: Check |isbn= value: checksum (help)
  92. ↑ Greenberg DM, Bradford J, Curry S (1995). "Infantophilia--a new subcategory of pedophilia?: a preliminary study". Bull Am Acad Psychiatry Law. 23 (1): 63–71. PMID 7599373..
  93. ↑ Joyal CC, Carpentier J (2017). "The Prevalence of Paraphilic Interests and Behaviors in the General Population: A Provincial Survey". Journal of Sex Research. 54 (2): 161–171. doi:10.1080/00224499.2016.1139034.
  94. ↑ Naftulin J. "What to know about breeding kink, where you're aroused by the risk of pregnancy or impregnating someone". Business Insider. Retrieved 2024-02-21.
  95. ↑ Money J (1984). "Paraphilias: Phenomenology and Classification". American Journal of Psychotherapy. 38 (2): 164–178. doi:10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.1984.38.2.164. PMID 6234812.
  96. ↑ Connolly PH (2002). "Deviant Desires: A Tour of the Erotic Edge". Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity. 9 (4): 273–287. doi:10.1080/10720160208403734 (inactive 21 October 2025).{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of October 2025 (link)
  97. ↑ Joyal CC, Carpentier J (2017). "The Prevalence of Paraphilic Interests and Behaviors in the General Population: A Provincial Survey". Journal of Sex Research. 54 (2): 161–171. doi:10.1080/00224499.2016.1139034.
  98. ↑ Blanchard R (2009). "The Concept of Sexual Age Preference". Archives of Sexual Behavior. 38 (6): 911–921. doi:10.1007/s10508-008-9446-6.
  99. ↑ "Skurrile Sex-Fetische Katoptronophilia".
  100. ↑ Brame G, Brame WD, Jacobs J (1993). Different Loving – The World of Sexual Dominance and Submission. Villard Books. ISBN 978-0-679-76956-9.
  101. ↑ "Galactophilia", The Free Dictionary, retrieved 2023-08-16
  102. ↑ Resnick, J. (2011). Far-out Philias and Phobias. Psychotherapy in Australia, 17(4), 65.
  103. ↑ Kristina Wilson (2000). The American Century: Art and Culture, 1900–2000. Part I, 1900–1950: An Exhibition Review.
  104. ↑ Paul Galvez (2000). Self-Portrait of the Artist as a Monkey-Hand. The MIT Press.
  105. ↑ Cynthia Ceilán (2008). Weirdly Beloved: Tales of Strange Bedfellows, Odd Couplings, and Love Gone Bad. The Lyons Press. ISBN 978-1-59921-403-0.
  106. 1 2 3 Hickey EW (2006). Sex Crimes and Paraphilia. Pearson Education. p. 90. ISBN 978-0-13-170350-6.
  107. ↑ "Nebulophilia kink dictionary". 17 April 2022.
  108. ↑ Rosman JP, Resnick PJ (1989). "Sexual attraction to corpses: a psychiatric review of necrophilia". Bull Am Acad Psychiatry Law. 17 (2): 153–63. PMID 2667656.
  109. ↑ Pate JE, Gabbard GO (2003). "Adult baby syndrome". The American Journal of Psychiatry. 160 (11): 1932–6. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.160.11.1932. PMID 14594737.
  110. ↑ Krafft-Ebing R (1998) [1886]. Psychopathia sexualis: A medico-forensic study (1998 translation by Franklin S. Klaf. Arcade Publishing. p. 408. ISBN 978-1-55970-426-7.
  111. ↑ Lawrence AA (2006). "Clinical and theoretical parallels between desire for limb amputation and gender identity disorder". Archives of Sexual Behavior. 35 (3): 263–278. doi:10.1007/s10508-006-9026-6. PMID 16799838. S2CID 17528273.
  112. ↑ Davis MS (2002). The concise dictionary of crime and justice. SAGE Publications. p. 196. ISBN 978-0-7619-2176-9.
  113. ↑ Kelleher K (2001-06-04). "Once Seen as Taboos, Sexual Fetishes Are Gaining Acceptance". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2010-05-22.
  114. ↑ Fedoroff JP (21 October 2019). The Paraphilias: Changing Suits in the Evolution of Sexual Interest Paradigms. Oxford University Press. p. 14. ISBN 978-0-19-046633-6. Retrieved 9 November 2020.
  115. ↑ Hickey EW (2006). Sex crimes and paraphilia. Pearson Education. p. 84. ISBN 978-0-13-170350-6. Retrieved May 14, 2011.
  116. ↑ Balachandra K, Swaminath S (2002-06-01). "Fire Fetishism in a Female Arsonist?". The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry. 47 (5): 487–488. doi:10.1177/070674370204700520. ISSN 0706-7437. PMID 12085690.
  117. ↑ Deehan ET, Bartels RM (2022-05-04). "A Qualitative Exploration of Sleep-Related Sexual Interests: Somnophilia and Dormaphilia". Sexual Abuse. 35 (3): 288–312. doi:10.1177/10790632221098359. ISSN 1079-0632. PMC 10041567. PMID 35507729.
  118. ↑ Hickey EW (2006). Sex Crimes and Paraphilia. Pearson Education. p. 86. ISBN 978-0-13-170350-6.
  119. ↑ Hickey EW (2006). Sex Crimes and Paraphilia. Pearson Education. p. 88. ISBN 978-0-13-170350-6.
  120. ↑ "Tickling Fetishism Explored".
  121. ↑ Freund, K. (1990). L. Ellis, H. Hoffman (eds.). "Courtship disorders: Toward a biosocial understanding of voyeurism, exhibitionism, toucherism, and the preferential rape pattern". Crime in Biological, Social, and Moral Contexts. NY: Praeger: 100–114.
  122. ↑ American Psychiatric Association (2022). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: DSM-5-TR (5 ed.). American Psychiatric Association Publishing. F65.1. doi:10.1176/appi.books.9780890425787. ISBN 978-0-89042-578-7. OCLC 1315990729. S2CID 249488050 – via The Wikipedia Library.
  123. ↑ Levine SB, Risen CB, Althof SE, eds. (2016-01-13). Handbook of Clinical Sexuality for Mental Health Professionals (3rd ed.). Routledge. p. 353. doi:10.4324/9781315716596. ISBN 978-1-317-50746-8.
  124. ↑ Brenda Brathwaite (2007). "Defining sex" (PDF). Sex in Video Games. London: Charles River Media. ISBN 978-1-58450-459-7. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-09-27. Retrieved 2013-09-26.
  125. ↑ Barberis N, Costa S, Castgilone C (2023). "Xenophobia and Xenophilia, the Bright and Dark Sides of Attitude Towards Foreigners: A Self-Determination Theory Approach". Psychological Reports. 127 (5): 2427–2450. doi:10.1177/00332941231152394. PMID 36634286.
  126. ↑ Williams CJ, Weinberg MS (2003). "Zoophilia in Men: A study of sexual interest in animals". Archives of Sexual Behavior. 32 (6): 523–535. doi:10.1023/A:1026085410617. PMID 14574096. S2CID 13386430.
This article is issued from WikiProjectMed. The text is available under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.